Abstract

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL, MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONS (MIC), CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF PHYLLANTHUS ACIDUS (L.) SKEELS (FAMILY: EUPHORBIACEAE)

Israt Jahan Bulbul, Zahirul Zahir, Tanvir Ahmed* and Parisha Alam

ABSTRACT

The main aim of this study was to find out and compare the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant activity along with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of methanolic extract of different parts of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) skeels (family: Euphorbiaceae). The methanolic extract of Phyllanthus acidus seed and fruit had shown average activity of (20-24.5) mm and (20-23.5) mm accordingly. The maximum zone of inhibition for seed extract was 24.5mm, 20mm against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi. Using the fruit extract it was 23.5mm, 20mm against Vibrio mimicus, Sarcina lutea and Salmonella typhi. The leaf, bark and root extracts of the plant had shown average activity of (9-16), (9-17) and (5-9.5) mm respectively while the root part showed lowest antimicrobial activity of (5-7) mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of seed extract for Vibrio mimicus and Staphylococcus aureus were 8μg and 32μg respectively while (MIC) of fruit extract for Vibrio mimicus was 2μg and 16μg against Staphylococcus aureus. In comparison, the best MIC was shown by fruit part (2μg) against Vibrio mimicus. The Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay method was used to determine the cytotoxicity activities of seed, root, fruit, bark and leaf part whose LC50 value was 17.09 μg/ml,51.56 μg/ml,18.89 μg/ml, 25.03 μg/ml, and 35.71 μg/ml respectively. The IC50 value of ascorbic acid was used as reference standard obtained 43.27 μg/ml. The seed, fruit and root part showed high to moderate antioxidant potential with IC50 of 38.17 μg/ml,43.01 μg/ml and 54.57 μg/ml respectively. The amount of total phenolic content varied and ranged from 18.36 to 30.77 mg of GAE/gm of extractives. The highest phenolic content was found in seed (30.77 mg of GAE/gm of extractives) while fruit contained (30.03 mg of GAE/gm of extractives).

Keywords: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Bioassay Method, Bangladeshi-Plant, Comparative Study.