Abstract

IDENTIFICATION, PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE AND OIL EXTRACTS OF SEEDS HERBAL LEGUME FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRACEUM L.)

Adam A. Farah, *Leila M. Mokhtar and Miasoon O. Mohammed

ABSTRACT

Trigonella foenum-graceum Plants belong to fabaceae Family, it is regarded as medicinal plant used traditionally to treat many diseases in Sudan. This study aimed to extract crude of Trigonella foenum-graceum seeds, phytochemical screening to determination of secondary metabolites and assessment of the extract of antibacterial and antifungal activities. The samples were collected from El-Obeid market in October (2017). The analysis was carried out in the National Research Centre (Khartoum), Technology and Medicinal Science University and Faculty of Science University of Kordofan. The crude was extracted by soaking method by using 99% ethanol, oil extracted by Soxhlet using hexane solvent. The phytochemical screening for the crude tested showed the presence of Saponins, Falavonenes, Tanins, Alkaloids, Sterols terpenes, Comarines, Anthroquinones and Cyanogenic glycosides. The diffusion catalytic method using Agar medium was determined by four types of bacteria (two Gram+ive: Staphyl cococcus aureus and Bacillus subtills), (two Gram-ive: Escherichia coli and Pesudomnas aeruginsa) from the extracts with different concentrations were (100, 80, 60, 50, 40, 25 and 12.5 mg/mL). Which were used against Escherichia coli fungus. The high growth inhibition zone diameter of different concentrations of oil was found of Staphyl cococcus 18 mm at 80 mg/mL, 14 mm for Bacillus subtills. The medium inhibition zone diameter of Escherichia coli (15 mm at 100 mg/mLbut the crude extract inactive against this fungus. The crude extract was inactive against the all type's bacteria. The GC-MS techniques showed 31 chemical compounds in crude extract the higher percent were: (17.59% D-Fructose -3-O-methyl, 19.00% Ethyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside and Oxovalearic acid 14.33% and Trilinolein 9. 61%. The oil extract showed the present of 33 components the higher percent were: Octadecadienoic acid 38.77%, Octadecenioc acid 18.70%, Hexadecanoic acid 13.41% and Methyl setearate 9.32%. This difference of the numbers of compounds was due to the difference in the type of solvent, methods of and the conditions in which the experiments was done. The study recommended isolating the components, which were responsible of bioactivities and evaluation of the efficiency of each components in the extract against microbes.

Keywords: Herbal Legume, Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.), Oil Extracts, Phytochemical Screening.