Abstract

GENETIC VARIATION AND POLYMORPHISM IDENTIFICATION IN MICE TREATED WITH TRAMADOL AND TRAMACET USING AFLP FINGERPRINTING

Rasha Ali Ebiya*

ABSTRACT

Tramadol and tramadol/ acetaminophen (tramacet) as a centrally acting analgesic are commonly prescribed as effective in treatment of acute and chronic moderate to severe pain. The present study was established to investigate genotoxic effect and genetic variation level induced by tramadol and tramacet in mice "comparative study". Sixty male albino mice were divided into five groups. Group one received vehicle (Saline), group two and three received orally 45 and 90 mg/kg body weight of tramadol respectively. However, group four and five received 450 and 900 mg/kg body weight of tramacet respectively for 20 days followed by 10 days for drug withdrawal. AFLP-PCR analysis, chromosomal aberration and sperm shape abnormalities were investigated on brain tissue, bone marrow cells and sperm. Tramadol and / or tramacet significantly increased frequencies of chromosomal aberration and sperm shape alteration in dose dependent pattern with slight improvement after recovery period. Moreover, result of AFLP analysis indicated genetic variation evident by percent of polymorphism (mean: 72.7%) and disappearance of some loci of DNA due to drug treatment. Conclusion: The current results showed that both tramadol and tramacet at therapeutic doses produced genotoxicity and high level of genetic variation.

Keywords: Tramadol, Tramadol/Acetaminophen, Polymorphism, AFLP, Chromosomal aberration, Genotoxicity, Genetic variation.