Abstract

APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF VARIOUS DISEASES AND ITS FUTURE ADVANCES IN MEDICINE

Umama Yezdani, Mohd. Gayoor Khan*, Nilesh Kushwah, Arvind Verma and Fazal Khan

ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology is the study of extremely small structured molecule (size of 0.1 to 100 nm). Nano medicine is a relatively new field of science and technology. Nanomedicine ranges from the medical applications of nonmaterial‟s and biological devices to nanoelectronic biosensors used in medical field. Nanotechnology, or systems/device manufacture at the molecular level, is a multidisciplinary scientific field undergoing explosive development. This potential of nanomedicine, including the development of nanoparticles for diagnostic and screening purposes, DNA sequencing using nanopores, single-virus detection and manufacture of drug delivery systems has been explained in this. It has powerful impact in various medical fields such as biophysics, molecular biology; bioengineering, cardiology, oncology, ophthalmology, endocrinology immunology and its applications in various nano systems in cancer therapy such as carbon nano tube, dendrimers, nano crystal, nano wire, nano shells etc are also briefly explained in this article. The advancement in nano technology helps in the treatment of neuro degenerative disorders such as Parkinson‟s disease and Alzheimer‟s disease and also its Applications in tuberculosis treatment, the clinical application of nanotechnology in operative dentistry. In future many novel nanoparticles and nanodevices are expected to be used, with an enormous positive impact on human health. Our major role is to improve health by enhancing the efficacy and safety of nanosystems and nanodevices for improving health of people. Products based on nanotechnology in medicine and medical technology are reaching the market, with an anticipated enormous positive impact on human health, in the coming years. The development of specific guidance documents for the safety evaluation of nanotechnology products in medicine should be prepared and the need for further research in nanotoxicology is identified. This article highlights some of these areas with an emphasis on nanoparticles for diagnostic, screening and drug delivery purposes, DNA sequencing, viral detection, effective and safer treatment of various diseases on individual atoms, molecules, or compounds into structures to produce materials and devices with special properties and its future advances in the field of pharmacy and medicine.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, nanomedicine, diagnosis, DNA sequencing, treatment, drug delivery, nanoscale.