Abstract

EPIGENETICS

Swati R. Dhande* and Arti D. Gangurde

ABSTRACT

Epigenetics refer to the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence. It involves covalent modification of DNA, protein, or RNA, resulting in changes to the function and regulation of these molecules, without altering their primary sequence. It describes mechanisms that lead to change, heritable structural and activation states of the chromatin without changes to the primary nucleotide. 5-methyl cytosine possess a role in controlling gene expression and also the pattern of methylation. It is most important evidence that shows methylation is associated with the gene silencing. There are several other important epigenetic mechanisms involving chromatin and histone modifications, and also the regulation of RNAs. Epigenetic changes are more common than mutations that change the actual structure of the DNA. It changes caused by environmental exposure can be passed from generation to generation. Other factors also influence the epigenetic changes such as diet, smoke, alcohol consumption folic acid and vitamin B12. It suggests that diseases caused by epigenetic change may be treatable and preventable.

Keywords: of DNA, protein, or RNA.