Abstract

SODIUM GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER-2 INHIBITORS - OVERVIEW

Anteneh Tamirat*, Jagdish Kakadiya and Shiv Kumar Rathod

ABSTRACT

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by an increase in blood glucose level due to the resistance of pancreatic hormone; insulin secretion and action. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have attained epidemic proportions worldwide, becoming increasingly alarming public health problems. A growing body of evidence suggests that there is a strong links or relationship between T2DM, CVD and hypertension. Sodium–glucose co transporter-2 (SGLT-2) is a new molecular target to directly induce glucose excretion and to safely normalize plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes. The SGLT-2 protein is a high capacity molecule responsible for the majority of glucose reuptake with pharmacological inhibition, resulting in the loss of about 80g of glucose in the urine each day. Sodium–glucose co transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have a unique mechanism of action, which is independent of insulin secretion and insulin action. This unique mechanism of action, in addition to lowering plasma glucose, corrects a number of metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities that are risk factors for CVD.

Keywords: Type-2 diabetes mellitus, SGLT-2 inhibitor, Cardiac complication.