Abstract

A BRIEF REVIEW ON TUBERCULOSIS

Roshani B. Choudhary*, Renuka S. Chaudhari, Chetna S. Gosavi, Dr. Sunila T. Patil, Dr. Sunil P. Pawar

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a bacterial infection, cause by mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis. That can spread through the lymph nodes and bloodstream to any organ in your body. It is most often found in the lungs. In the 18th and 19th centuries, a tuberculosis epidemic rampaged throughout Europe and North America, before the German microbiologist Robert Koch discovered the microbial causes of tuberculosis in 1882. In 2012, 1.3 million people were believed to have died because of tuberculosis with an estimated 8.6 million new cases of TB worldwide. TB spread through the air when a person with TB (whose lungs are affected) coughs, sneezes, spits, laughs or talks. People with compromised immune systems are most at risk of developing active tuberculosis. Tobacco use, smoking has also been found to increase the risk of developing active TB, the symptoms of active TB include Coughing, sometimes with mucus or blood, Chill, Fatigue, Fever, Loss of weight, Loss of appetite, Night sweats. the most common treatment for TB is DOT. the duration of treatment is six months, where for the first two months, four drugs Rifampicin, Isoniazide, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide are used and for the next four months, two drugs – Rifampicin and Isoniazide are used. To prevent TB a face mask can help lower the risk of the disease spreading to other people; BCG injections are given to children to vaccinate them against tuberculosis.

Keywords: Tuberculosis disease, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention.