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A BRIEF REVIEW ON ANTIBIOTIC
Prachi R. Chaudhari*, Manisha A. Bhadane, Sushama P. Ahire, Dr. Sunila T. Patil, Dr. Sunil P. Pawar.
ABSTRACT The term antibiotics literally means ―against life‖ in this case, against microbes. There are many types of antibiotics—antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitics. Some drugs are effective against many organisms; these are called broad-spectrum antibiotics. Others are effective against just a few organisms and are called narrow spectrum antibiotics. The most commonly used antibiotics are antibacterials. Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist, defined new horizons for modern antibiotics with his discoveries of enzyme lysozyme (1921) and the antibiotic substance penicillin (1928). The discovery of penicillin from the fungus Penicilliumnotatum. Perfected the treatment of bacterial infections such as, syphilis, gangrene and tuberculosis. The principle sites of action are Cell wall synthesis, Cell membrane function, Protein synthesis and Nucleic acid synthesis.There are various types of antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin, tetracycline, amino glycoside, glycopeptides etc. Antibiotics form part of a wider range of antimicrobial agents, a group which also includes antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoals and disinfectants. This group is also known aschemotherapeutic agents. The use of two or more agents simultaneously. This combination can produce an additive effect and Synergistic effect. Keywords: Antibiotic, Penicillin, Cephalosporin, tetracycline, macroloids. [Download Article] [Download Certifiate] |