Abstract

NASAL VACCINE: A NOVEL APPROACH IN NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Sujay Raut*, Manisha Sutar and Sonia Singh

ABSTRACT

Delivery of drugs through nasal route has been potentially explored as an alternative route for administration of vaccines and biomolecules such as proteins, peptides and non peptide drugs, hence it has attracted the interest of scientific community. Intranasal therapy has been accepted form of treatment in the ayurvedic system of medicines. Due to the high permeability, high vasculature, low enzymatic environment of nasal cavity and avoidance of hepatic first pass metabolism are well suitable for systemic delivery of drug molecule via nose. Nasal route gives good absorption of small molecules, than that of large molecules can be increased by absorption promoters. The nasal vaccine is another very attractive application in terms of efficacy and patient acceptance. Nasal mucosa is the first site of contact with inhaled antigens and therefore, its use for vaccination, especially against respiratory infections, has been extensively evaluated. In fact, nasal vaccination is a promising alternative to the classic parenteral route, capable of eliciting strong systemic and local immune responses. It enhances the systemic levels of specific immunoglobulin G and nasal secretary immunoglobulin A. In current status research is going on the development of vaccines for cancer, influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis, diphtheria and also against papilloma virus. In this review paper, we describe the main physiological hurdles to nasal vaccine delivery, survey the progress made in technological approaches to overcome these hurdles. We also providing the information to the studies done and the opportunities for improving nasal vaccines against various diseased conditions.

Keywords: Nasal route, nasal vaccines, systemic circulation, nasal mucosa.