Abstract

RECENT ADVANCES IN ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF CREATININE

Gaaminepreet Singh* and Pawan Krishan

ABSTRACT

According to the United States National Chronic Kidney Disease Fact Sheet, 2014 more than 20 million people may have chronic kidney disease. Numerous studies have reported a strong association between the various stages of chronic kidney diseases and glomerular filtration rate (gfr). Although there have been a recent increase in published reports on novel endogenous and exogenous diagnostic markers for glomerular filtration rate, creatinine determination is still widely used worldwide as an efficient endogenous biomarker for assessment of kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease as evidenced by development of modified equations of creatinine clearance for determination of glomerular filtration rate in kidney pateints. Various analytical methods for determination of accurate concentration of creatinine in serum and urine have been developed. Due to the poorspecificity of classical colorimetric jaff‟e method and lack of sensitivity and extensive preparation steps required by enzymatic method, a search for new analytical methods for determination of creatinine levels has fastened. The sensitivity, accuracy and reliability for determination of creatinine concentration has increased manifolds due to utilisation of analytical tools like HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), GC-MS (gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry), LC-MS (liquid chromatography with mass analyzer), and more recently FIMS (flow injection mass spectrometry) and extractive electro spray ionization-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (EESI-IM-MS). However some of these analytical methods may not be routinely adopted for determination of creatinine concentration and clinical diagnosis of kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. So there is a need for development of a simple, sensitive, accurate, and analytical method for creatinine determination in clinical practice. In this review we discuss summarize the development of analytical tools for determination creatinine levels by different methods.

Keywords: gfr (glomerular filtration rate), GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry), LC-MS (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry), SRM (standard reference material), CKD (chronic kidney disease).