Abstract

A REVIEW ON THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) AND POLYCYSTIC OVARY DISEASE (PCOD )

B. B. Kadam* and P. Khelbude

ABSTRACT

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) are two common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. Both conditions are characterised by hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, and potential infertility. While PCOS is considered a more severe condition with multiple health implications like insulin resistance and cardiovascular risks, PCOD is generally less severe but shares similar symptoms. This review will cover the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment options, and long-term management of both PCOS and PCOD, highlighting their distinctions and overlaps. PCOS and PCOD have significant public health counter accusations, affecting up to 20 of women worldwide. This review also discusses the latest research trends, focusing on advancements in understanding their molecular mechanisms and exploring potential future therapeutic strategies. Future research is necessary to further optimise personalised treatment strategies, especially in managing long-term health complications.

Keywords: PCOS, PCOD, phenomenology, endocrine disorder, infertility, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism.