Abstract

CHRONIC MIGRAINE: AN UPDATED REVIEW FOR HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS

Ahmad Mufleh Alenazi*, Mohammed Abdullah Alduaybi, Hamoud Ghayyadh Alanizi and Adel Mohamed AlDukain

ABSTRACT

Background: Chronic migraine (CM) is a debilitating condition characterized by frequent headache attacks, significantly impacting the quality of life. Although less common than episodic migraine (EM), CM is associated with more severe symptoms and functional impairment. Recent advancements in CM classification and diagnosis, as well as insights into its epidemiology and risk factors, are crucial for improving clinical practices. Aim: This review aims to provide healthcare providers with updated information on CM, including its classification, epidemiology, risk factors, and implications for diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The review synthesizes recent research findings on the classification and diagnostic criteria for CM, emphasizing the revised definitions from the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD). Epidemiological data were extracted from large studies, including the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) study, to analyze the prevalence and comorbidities of CM compared to EM. Results: CM is defined as a primary headache occurring on 15 or more days per month, with significant overlap with transformed migraine (TM). The revised CM classification enhances diagnostic sensitivity, capturing a broader patient population. Epidemiological findings reveal a global prevalence of CM between 1% and 3%, with higher rates of comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, obesity, and cardiovascular issues in CM patients compared to those with EM. Functional impairment is significantly greater in CM, as evidenced by higher scores on the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS). Conclusion: Understanding the complexities of CM, including its classification, prevalence, and associated comorbidities, is essential for effective diagnosis and management. Healthcare providers should be aware of the evolving criteria for CM and consider the multifaceted nature of this condition in their treatment approaches.

Keywords: Chronic migraine, episodic migraine, headache disorders, classification, epidemiology, comorbidities.