Abstract

HESPERIDIN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ITS HEALTH BENEFITS AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL

Ramsha Mehdiya, Zeenath Banu* and Amtul Rahman

ABSTRACT

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds widely valued for medicinal applications, with hesperidin standing out for its extensive therapeutic potential. Hesperetin, a bioactive metabolite of hesperidin in citrus fruits, has been extensively researched for its pharmacological properties and favourable pharmacokinetics. Its therapeutic effects span multiple health areas, exhibiting antidepressant, antiepileptic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic, anxiolytic, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, hesperidin has demonstrated neuroprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and retinal protective effects, suggesting its broad application potential in cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic disorders. Hesperedin’s efficacy is linked to its modulation of biochemical pathways and cellular mechanisms. As an antioxidant, it scavenges free radicals, reducing oxidative stress related to ageing and chronic disease. Its anti-inflammatory properties are achieved through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, beneficial in inflammatory conditions. In neurological contexts, hesperidin acts as an antidepressant and anxiolytic by influencing neurotransmitter systems and neurotrophic pathways, supporting brain health and resilience to neurodegeneration. Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects stem from preventing lipid peroxidation and maintaining cellular integrity. Recent studies underscore hesperidin's cardiovascular benefits, including blood pressure reduction and lipid profile improvement, adding to its cardiovascular health potential. Its neuroprotective qualities, involving neuronal preservation and amyloid beta toxicity reduction, suggest possible applications in managing neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. In summary, hesperedin’s versatile pharmacological profile positions it as a promising natural therapeutic agent, warranting further exploration for clinical applications.

Keywords: Hesperidin, Bioflavonoids, Neuroprotection, Antioxidant, Therapeutic applications.