Abstract

CARBAPENEM ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN HOSPITAL EFFLUENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

El Hassan Loumame*, Laila Midhat, Abdessamad Tounsi, Soumia Amir, Nabila Soraa, Naaila Ouazzani and Ilham Zahie

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance poses serious challenges to public health worldwide. Carbapenem resistance is a particularly worrying type of antibiotic resistance, as carbapenems are often used as a last resort to treat bacterial infections resistant to other antibiotics. Hospital effluents are wastewater generated by hospital activities, including patient care, surgery, diagnostic procedures, cleaning and disinfection of facilities, and medical waste management. These wastewaters can contain a variety of contaminants, including pathogens, chemicals, hormones, and biological residues, as well as drugs and antibiotics, including carbapenems. With the exception of ceftobiprole, a generation V cephalosporin launched in 2008, carbapenems represent the last resort for modern medicine, despite the fact that many resistance cases have been detected (carbapenemase-producing bacteria(PCB)).

Keywords: Antibiotic, Carbapenem, wastewater; antibiotic resistance.