Abstract

ISCHEMIC STROKE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: IN VIVO AND IN VITRO MODELS FOR MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS

Anjali, Anurag Bhargava, Minky Mukhija, Mohit Kumar* and Madhu Vashisht

ABSTRACT

Ischemic stroke, prevalently brought about by blood vessel blockages, addresses a critical worldwide wellbeing challenge with significant dreariness and death rates. This review comprehensively explores the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, focusing on key mechanisms such as Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and cell death pathways. This survey gives a thorough outline of normally utilized stroke models, featuring their individual benefits and limits. In vivo models, such as permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and photo-thrombotic stroke models are examined for their ability to mimic human stroke events, focusing on their reproducibility, surgical complexity, and relevance to outcomes. In vitro models are explored for their potential in personalized medicine and detailed mechanistic studies. By contrasting the qualities and shortcomings of these models, this audit expects to direct specialists in choosing the most suitable model for their particular examination objectives in the investigation of ischemic stroke. To overcome all drawback transgenic animals provide a more precise, ethical, and efficient alternative to traditional animal experimentation, advancing biomedical research and its relevance to human health.

Keywords: Blood-brain barrier disruption, Excitotoxicity, Cerebral blood flow, Experimental models, Neuroprotection.