Abstract

THE COMPHRENSIVE REVIEW PAPER ON IMMUNO SUPPRESENT & IMMUNO STIMULANT

Wagh Harshada Valmik*, Patil Ajay Ravindra, Samsher Shirish Bhaurao, Jadhav
Bhushan Nirupal, Wadile Sejal Anil

ABSTRACT

In a world where diverse diseases afflict living beings, understandingthe intricate workings of the immune system is paramount for diseaseprevention and management. The immune system comprises acomplex network of specialized cells, tissues, molecules, andbiological processes that continuously monitor and protect theorganism from foreign antigens. Enhancing the immune system'sstrength is crucial for resisting diseases. This review paper delves intovarious aspects of immunomodulation, a therapeutic approach aimed atregulating the processes of the defense system. Immunomodulators aresubstances, both intrinsic and extrinsic, that regulate the scope andcompetency of immune responses, correcting imbalances andmodulating immune activity. These substances range from naturalcompounds to synthetic medications, each playing a vital role inmaintaining a disease-free state and providing supportive therapy, particularly in conditionssuch as autoimmune diseases and during chemotherapy. The paper explores the classificationand mechanisms of action of immunomodulators, including immunosuppressants andimmunostimulants. Immunosuppressants, such as glucocorticoids, cytostatics, and antibodies,target hyperactive immune responses, crucial in conditions like organ transplantation andautoimmune disorders. The history and development of immunosuppressant drugs, fromsteroids to newer medications like sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, are discussedextensively, shedding light on their efficacy and adverse effects. Furthermore, the paperexamines immunostimulants, substances that activate or increase the activity of immunecomponents, aiding in the treatment of immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, cancer,and viral infections. Mechanisms of action for both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immunomodulators are elucidated, including cytokine balancing in T regulatory cells andcytokine receptor modulation. Through an in-depth exploration of immunomodulation, thisreview provides valuable insights into the therapeutic approaches aimed at regulatingimmune responses, paving the way for the development of novel treatments and strategies forcombating various diseases.

Keywords: Immunomodulation, Immunosuppressants, Immune tolerance, Immunostimulants, Mechanism of action.