Abstract

THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF SANA (CASSIA ANGUSTIFOLIA): A REVIEW OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN PERSPECTIVES

Ajaz Ahmad* and Ghulamuddin Sofi

ABSTRACT

Drug Sana, derived from the dried leaves of Cassia angustifolia Vahl, is an annual herb widely cultivated in various regions, including India and the Middle East. Known for its purgative properties, Sana has been historically significant in Unani medicine, particularly recommended by the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a remedy against various ailments. This review explores the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities of Sana. The leaves, characterized by their yellowish-green color and distinctive odour, contain compounds such as glycosides, flavonoids, and sennosides that contribute to its therapeutic properties. Sana exhibits a range of pharmacological actions including purgative, detergent, vermicidal, and blood-purifying effects. It is traditionally used to treat conditions such as piles, arthritis, sciatica, and gout. Scientific studies have demonstrated Sana’s antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antifungal, hepatoprotective, anti-emetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Methanol and ethanol extracts of Sana show significant antimicrobial effects against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The plant also exhibits notable antidiabetic activity, potentially ameliorating metabolic abnormalities and oxidative stress in diabetic conditions. Additionally, Sana’s antifungal activity is highlighted by the inhibition of various human and plant pathogenic fungi. The hepatoprotective effect is evidenced by its ability to mitigate CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. This comprehensive review underscores the multifaceted therapeutic potential of Sana, advocating for its continued use and further research in modern medicine.

Keywords: Sana (Cassia angustifolia Vahl), Unani Medicine, Comprehensive review, Purgative action.