Abstract

REVIEW OF GLIPIZIDE: AN ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT

Pooja Harkal*, Sushama Vaishnav, Pravin Wakte and Sachin Bhusari

ABSTRACT

Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works primarily by stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. Glipizide is rapidly absorbed, has high bioavailability, and a short half-life of 2-4 hours. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly through urine. Clinical studies have shown glipizide to be effective in reducing fasting and postprandial glucose levels as well as HbA1c. It can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic medications. The main adverse effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain. Elderly patients and those with renal or hepatic impairment require careful dosing. Recent advances include extended-release formulations, combination therapies, and personalized medicine approaches based on genetic factors. Ongoing research isexploring new formulations and uses of glipizide. Even though effective and cost-efficient, glipizide lacks some of the additional benefits of newer antidiabetic agents like cardiovascular protection or weight loss effects.

Keywords: Glipizide, Diabetes, Hyperglycemia, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Sulfonylurea, Glycemic Control, Insulin Secretion, Weight Gain.