Abstract

ANGINA PECTORIS: CURRENT UNDERSTANDING AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Subhasish Saha, Anil P. Sao, Shyamsundar Kumar, *Amrit Paul

ABSTRACT

Angina pectoris, or chronic chest pain or discomfort, is a typical signof coronary artery disease, pointing to underlying myocardial ischemia.This study offers a thorough examination of the pathogenesis, clinicalpresentation, diagnostic evaluation, and upper management of angina.Among the primary objectives are elucidating the underlying causes ofangina, outlining diagnostic methods, evaluating the effectiveness oftreatment, and exploring new possibilities in research. Pharmacologicaltherapies, lifestyle modifications, invasive procedures like coronaryartery bypass grafting and angioplasty, and stress testing are examplesof diagnostic modalities that aid in precise diagnosis and riskassessment. The main path physiological mechanisms areatherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, which are exacerbated byrisk factors like smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Thisreview summarises the most recent research to help doctors optimisepatient care and reduce the burden of angina-related morbidity and mortality. Recentdevelopments include the identification of microvascular angina, precision medicinetechniques, and the development of novel treatments aimed at the pathophysiology of angina.Future research directions include understanding gender variations, investigating newbiomarkers, and examining lifestyle changes to improve angina treatment and cardiovascularoutcomes.

Keywords: Angina, Coronary artery disease, Chest pain, Myocardial ischemia, Hyperlipidemia, Microvascular angina, Coronary angiography, Angioplasty.