Abstract

NANOPARTICLES IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT – A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Mohamed Imrankhan K.*, Mohamed Jafran J., Karthika S. and Gopi Krishnan S.

ABSTRACT

Influenza is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The best preventive measure is vaccination, yet its efficacy is hindered due to the constant evolution of viral strains and mutations, leading to a short duration of protection. Nanoparticles provide a versatile route for vaccine development. These nanoscale platforms have the ability to mimic the shape and size of viruses, and improve immunogenicity by effectively delivering antigens and adjuvants, and also provide long-term protection. This present review delves into the range of nanoparticles that are used in nanoparticle formulations, including polymeric nanoparticles, virus-like particles, lipid nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles such as gold and carbon nanoparticles. Each kind has significant advantages in terms of stability, biocompatibility, and the capacity to induce robust immune responses. This review covers the use of nanoparticles in vaccine development, along with recentresearch on nanoparticle-vaccine production, and their sustainability, safety and efficacy.

Keywords: Nanoparticles; Polymeric Nanoparticles; Lipid Nanoparticles; Gold Nanoparticles.