Abstract

SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE [SIADH] - A REVIEW

Papitha S.*, Divika S., Karthika Sreekumar J., Thirumurugan N., Dr. Glady Gloria Grant Pharm D. and Dr. Senthil Kumar N. M. Pharm., Ph.D.

ABSTRACT

In clinical practice, hyponatremia, which is characterized by a serum sodium content of less than 135mEq/l, is the most prevalent electrolyte balance condition. Although other reasons are mentioned, the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), which primarily affects hospitalized and oncological patients, is unquestionably the most significant. The most common electrolyte problem is hyponatremia, with around one-third of cases being caused by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). SIADH is a clinical illness characterized by prolonged hyponatremia and excessively increased urine osmolality caused by augmented production or action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) as a result of various disease processes and medication. Determining the extracellular fluid volume‟s euvolemic status through laboratory tests and clinical assessment is crucial for the diagnosis of SIADH. To alleviate symptoms, SIADH should be treated. Treatment approachesinclude nonspecific measures and means (Urea, demeclocycline, fluid restriction and hypertonic saline) with the latter two being frequently employed. Vaptans, or Vasopressin receptor antagonists, have recently been available as a direct and targeted treatment for SIADH.

Keywords: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH); Hyponatremia; Antiduretic hormone(ADH); Vasopressin receptor antagonists.