Abstract

AT A GLANCE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS, A REVIEW

Mohammad Taleb Hossain* and Md. Harun Ar Rashid

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder with high mortality rate and with defects in multiple biological systems. Two major types of diabetes are recognized, type 1 and 2. With type 2 diabetes (T2D) being by far the more prevalent type. As diabetes affects multiple biological functions, the use of multiple drug classes with different mechanisms of actions is required to easy understand in order to provide effective therapy. Nine classes of oral antidiabetic agents are used for the management of patients with T2D. These include the insulin secretagogues, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, incretin-based therapy (Agonists and dipeptidy peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors), the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitors, the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, bile acid binding sequestrants and dopaminereceptor agonists. Each of these agents will be 100% effective and efficacies if it can be prescribed accurately knowing the exact mechanism of actions of drugs and pathogenesis of diseases. So, the current review focuses at a glance the mode and mechanism of actions of the different oral antidiabetic drugs.

Keywords: Oral antidiabetic, Type-2 Diabetic Mellitus, Hyperglycemia, Efficacy, Safety etc.