Abstract

INVESTIGATING THE GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE OXIDE EXPOSURE AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN CANCER DEVELOPMENT

*Qumre Alam, Akash Johri, Himanshu, Harsh Kumar and Deepak Yadav

ABSTRACT

Ethylene oxide (Eto) is a highly reactive chemical used extensively in industrial processes, notably in the sterilization of medical equipment and the production of chemicals. Despite its utility, Eto is recognized for its genotoxic properties, raising concerns about its potential role in cancer development. This review systematically examines the genotoxic effects of ethylene oxide exposure, focusing on its interaction with DNA, the formation of DNA adducts, and the subsequent mutagenic outcomes. We analyze epidemiological studies, in vitro experiments, and animal models to elucidate the mechanisms by which EtO induces genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between Eto-induced genetic damage and the initiation and progression of various cancers,
particularly lymphohematopoietic malignancies and breast cancer. The review highlights critical biomarkers of exposure and genotoxicity, such as hemoglobin adducts and micronuclei formation, which are essential for risk assessment and regulatory standards. By synthesizing current research, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the carcinogenic potential of ethylene oxide, emphasizing the need for stringent occupational safety measures and ongoing surveillance in exposed populations.

Keywords: Ethylene oxide, genotoxicity, DNA adducts, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, cancer risk, biomarkers, occupational exposure, safety regulations, epidemiology.