Abstract

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF LEAD POISONING IN AQUATIC AND MARINE ANIMALS: A REVIEW

Akansha Srivastav, Sunil Kumar Srivastav and *Ravi Kant Upadhyay

ABSTRACT

Present review article describes lead induced toxic effects in animals mostly fresh water, marine and land animals. Lead is an important water pollutant, most hazardous toxic heavy metal. It shows bioavailability inside soil from many sources i.e. agrochemicals, oil and paint, mining. It leaches out with rain water and affects plants, invertebrates, and soil microorganisms. Lead enters inside the food chain, and its concentration increases at various consumer levels that show higher toxicity. This is largely absorbed by hydrobionts (Phytoplanktons) and affects the survival of zooplanktons and small fishes. These living beings display lead toxicity and are good ecological markers. It is also detected in consumer products and eatables. Pb is harmful to wildlife and soil biota but at a very slow rate. This article explains pathological effects due to lead exposure in fishesand animals living in aquatic environment sand soil micro biota and land animals. This article suggests efforts to control serious cases of lead poisoning by decreasing the exposure and reduction of lead in medium. Clinical care of patients is highly important for reducing the pathological effects.

Keywords: Lead, heavy metals, water pollutant, hazardous, bioaccumulation, physiological and behavioral effects.