Abstract

ADVANCEMENTS IN NANOPARTICLE-BASED INSULIN DELIVERY: APPLICATIONS AND AN EMERGING PERSPECTIVE

Sanjoy Chungkrang*, Dr. Mahbubur Rahman, Mausumi Rabha and Sana Nusrat Praween

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a persistent metabolic condition, resulting from either an insufficiency of insulin, known as Type 1 diabetes mellitus, or by cells' resistance to the insulin produced by the body (Type 2 diabetes mellitus). Insulin plays a major role in regulating the amount of glucose level within the body. When diabetes is not managed properly, this can result in elevated levels of blood sugar, which may lead to damage to organs, blood vessels, and nerves. The body relies on insulin to utilize sugar as an energy source during emergencies. This condition is of significant global concern due to its rapid growth and impact on public health. The primary treatment for managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and gestational diabetes often involves administering exogenous insulin. Nevertheless, conventional subcutaneous insulin injections can be distressing for patients, mainly because of discomfort during application and challenges associated with dose accuracy, resulting in further complications. Indeed, exploring alternative delivery systems in medicine can significantly benefit patients by providing more convenient and effective treatment options. Recent technological advances have introduced a range of invasive and non-invasive delivery systems. These include nanotechnology, particle-mediated transport, pulmonary administration, and buccal spraying and more. These cutting-edge advancements signify a significant leap forward in diabetes management and hold immense promise for improving patient comfort and treatment effectiveness.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, chronic metabolic disorder, pancreatic hormone insulin, exogenous insulin administration, Nanotechnology, Subcutaneous insulin injection.