Abstract

A REVIEW ON GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY

Dr. M. Sri. Ramchandra* and Shaik Intikhaf Alam

ABSTRACT

Gel chromatography, also called gel filtration chromatography or size exclusion chromatography, is a widely used technique in biochemistry and molecular biology to separate and purify molecules based on their size and shape. It operates on the principle of differential partitioning between a stationary phase (composed of porous beads or gel particles) and a mobile phase (a buffer solution). The sample mixture is carried by the mobile phase through the gel bed, and different-sized molecules are separated by their ability to enter the pores of the gel beads. Smaller molecules spend less time in the stationary phase and elute faster, while larger molecules are excluded from entering the pores and elute slower. Gel chromatography is a gentle and non-denaturing method for biomolecule purification and analysis, as it allows for separation without compromising their structural and functional integrity. It iscommonly used for protein and nucleic acid purification, as well as desalting or buffer exchange. Furthermore, it can be performed under mild conditions, making it a versatile tool in biochemistry and molecular biology research. The abstract of a gel chromatography study summarizes the purpose, methods, findings, and conclusions of the research. It provides a concise overview of the study's objectives, experimental design, and key results. The abstract may include information on the type of gel matrix used, the samples analyzed, the separation conditions, and the characterization methods employed. Additionally, it may highlight any significant findings, such as the identification of specific biomolecules or the determination of their size distribution.

Keywords: Gel-filtration chromatography, Gel-permeation, Gel-exclusion, Size-exclusion, Molecular- sieve, Operating conditions, Separations, Molecular mass estimation, Size-exclusion reaction chromatography.