Abstract

RECENT ADVANCEMENT ON ORAL BIOLOGICS

Prayag Raval*, Seshadri Nalla and Arpan Chudasama

ABSTRACT

Patients typically opt for oral administration of medications because of its convenience. Biologics cannot be administered orally at this time. The gastrointestinal tract carries out multiple functions in the body, posing difficulties for the absorption of intricate macromolecules consumed. Biologics are very vulnerable to the severe circumstances of the digestive system and encounter substantial obstacles when trying to pass through the intestinal mucosa. Biologics show great potential in treating metabolic diseases, aging, and inflammatory conditions. Oral administration of these drugs is widely acknowledged as a critical goal for chronic conditions. After years of thorough investigation, administering biologics orally is now showing its feasibility. There has been substantial debate over the difficulties linked to the management of biologics. The intestine plays a crucial role in blocking the flow of harmful chemicals. Every day, different amounts of biological agents, varying in size from large to small, pass through the intestinal cell membrane. This study first examines the main physiological obstacles related to orally administering biologics, along with various research approaches designed to enhance or facilitate the oral transport of biologics. It also delves into the typical operation of the gastrointestinal tract. The document lists the main biological mechanisms used for oral absorption and thoroughly discusses the pros and cons of each strategy. The article includes several examples of unique biological substances used, together with relevant details on the results of recent clinical trials. The text delves into the possible real-world uses of these biologics and discusses the future outlook of this industry.

Keywords: Oral delivery, biologics, absorption enhancers, gastrointestinal barriers, intestine, receptor-mediated uptake, paracellular transport, transcellular transport.