Abstract

EFFECT OF ALTERNANTHERA DENTATA ETHANOL EXTRACT ON PHENYLHYDRZINE INDUCED ANAEMIA, SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY; GCMS AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY IN RATS

K. K. Igwe*, N. K. Achi, A. J. Madubuike, Chika Ikenga, N. S. Nwatu, C. J. Onyenze, I. E. Otuokere, I. I. Ijeh and P. E. Aba

ABSTRACT

The activities of serum enzymes, GCMS analysis and molecular docking study of ethanol extract of Alternanthera dentata leaves was studied on Phenylhydrazine induced anaemia using Wistar rats as animal model. Twenty five rats were used for the research, they were grouped into 5 of 5 rats each. Group 1 was the negative control group and received distilled water. Groups 2 was the anaemic non treated while groups 3, 4 and 5 were the treatment groups which received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of A. dentata extract respectively. The rats were dosed for 14 days, thereafter were sacrificed and blood collected by cardiac puncture for analysis. The effect of A. dentata, extract was checked on haematological parameters and serum enzymes activities. All results in treatment groups were compared with the normal control at statistical confidence of 95% (p<0.05). The Untreated group saved as reference point. This was a
progressive improvement of haematological indicies (Hb, PCV, Rbc and Twbc) towards recovery from anaemia induced by PHZ in the experimental rats, when compared to the untreated anaemic rats. The negative control group was used to compare when normal state returned. Total protein, albumin and globulin were also restored by the extract. All Leukogram (Lyph, Neut, Mono, and Baso) did not change from normal ranges. There was elevated eosinophil (eosinophilia). Gas chromatogram of A. dentata revealed a total of 29 peaks showing 29 compounds in the sample. Five most abundant compounds isolated from GC-MS analysis of A. dentata were represented as n- Hexadecanoic acid 1.9397% (HA), cis-13-Octadecenoic acid 14.0700% (OC), 1,2- Benzisothiazole, 3-(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)-, 1,1-dioxide 27.0608% (BS), 9,17- Octadecadienal, (Z)5.5301% (OD), Oleic Acid 19.7278% plus14.8124% (OL) and others like Tricosane 9.1098%. The docking score with ActRIIB complexes was favourable. PLIP molecular docking interactions of ActRIIB with A. dentata phytocompounds (HA, OC, BS, OD, OL and FAC revealed a good drug-likeness prediction of the plant extract. Biotransformation and elimination of A. dentata compounds were predicted to be non- inhibitor of CYP450 isozymes: CYP2C19; CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Thus easily transformed and eliminated. The extract of A. dentata restored anaemic condition with no threat on liver and kidney. Drug-likeness prediction of A. dentata phytocompounds from GCMS showed a good drug candidate. Toxicity information showed safety of the plant leaves.

Keywords: Anaemia, Alternanthera dentata, Transaminases, Phosphatases, GC-MS, Molecular docking.