Abstract

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLE FROM PLANT: A REVIEW STUDY

R. Baskar*, S. Manikandan and S. Dharmarajsanthosam

ABSTRACT

The creation of novel processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is becoming more and more necessary. Concerns have been raised about the environmental safety of these particles' production processes due to the interest in them. The reduction of aqueous gold metal ions in contact with the aqueous peel extract of the plant Garcinia mangostana (G. mangostana) produces gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). Four distinct plant extracts were used as reducing and stabilizing agents in the creation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Salvia officinalis, Lippia citriodora, Pelargonium graveolens, and Punica granatum were the plants used to make the extracts. One of the most popular metallic nanoparticles with a distinctive surface plasmon feature is gold, which has important applications in the biomedical and therapeutic domains. However, chemically produced nanoparticles are hazardous to living things and go against their environmentally beneficial and economically advantageous nature. To effectively synthesize eco-friendly, non-toxic materials, creating greener synthetic routes for the preparation of gold nanoparticles using natural substances is an exciting subject of research. In addition, biological elements connected as stabilizing agents can have their effects in addition to the benefits of conjugating nanoparticles. In this study, we described a sustainable method for producing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) utilizing Mentha Longifolia leaf extract. This work describes a novel, environmentally friendly approach for the manufacture of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that uses cinnamon bark extract as a reducing agent and stabilizer. The green production of nanoparticles with ecologically friendly solvent systems and reducing agents is extremely important. In this study, we sought to establish a quick, easy, and environmentally friendly method for producing gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) by employing aqueous sumac extract as a capping agent for naturally generated Au-NPs as well as a reducing agent for gold ions. Integrating nanoscience and medicine is crucial as the nano revolution takes shape. The invention of biogenic technologies for the production of sophisticated nanomaterials is the result of the knowledge gained from nature. The current study reveals that the blossom of the crucially important tree Couroupita guianensis may biosynthesize gold nanoparticles. One-step, quick, and cost-effective synthesis has been accomplished. Citrus maxima (C. maxima) peel is the main byproduct produced during the production of fruit or juice in the food industry, and it has long been regarded as biomass waste that needs additional processing. With the use of C. maxima peel extract as a reducing and capping agents, the authors of this work presented a straightforward and environmentally benign way to create gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this paper, we present an innovative technique for producing gold nanoparticles (AuNP) from Dillenia indica fruit extract. The phytochemicals in the fruit extract work well as a capping and reducing agent to create AuNPs. Using papaya leaf extract, a green method has been devised to create gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from HAuCl4. The papaya leaf extract worked as a stabilizer and a reductant. The greatest threat to public health continues to come from multidrug-resistant microorganisms. One of the more effective methods to prevent antibiotic resistance is metallic nanoparticles. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the antibacterial properties of gold, silver, and gold-silver alloy nanoparticles. In the current study, we examine the reducing and capping properties of the aloe vera aqueous extract for the production of gold nanoparticles. At room temperature, the extracts of various concentrations were reduced with HAuCl aqueous 4 solution. The reduction of Au ion to gold 3+ nanoparticles is confirmed by the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of the final reaction product, which is revealed by the color change, pH change, and UV-visible spectroscopic measurement. The biological mechanism of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their anticancer potential were examined in this study using the SUDHL-4 cell line. To create and stabilize metallic AuNPs, ethanol clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extract was used. The methanolic extract of Papaver somniferum used in the current study work is an environmentally benign method for creating gold nanoparticles. The first sign of gold nanoparticle formation is the emergence of a deep purple color. It has been discovered that the active ingredients in papaver somniferum are what reduce gold and turn it into a bioactive metal. To create nanoparticles, green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf extract was utilized as a reducing agent. The size and refractive index of the gold nanoparticles were directly influenced by the concentration of green tea used in their synthesis.

Keywords: Plant, Gold nanoparticles, UV-VIS spectrophotometer.