Abstract

PHARMACEUTICAL POLYMORPHISM: A REVIEW

S. Vasanth and D. Nagasamy Venkatesh*

ABSTRACT

A substance can exist in various crystal shapes or polymorphs, each of which has different physical and chemical characteristics. Solid-state studies are very interested in this phenomenon as it is a new innovative approach. Since it has a big impact on how materials and pharmaceuticals behave and perform. For the creation of new substances and medications with desired features, it is essential to comprehend and manage polymorphism; nevertheless, due to its complexity, doing so is still difficult. Temperature, pressure, molecule and crystal packing effects, crystal nucleation and growth mechanisms, and crystal packing effects all have an impact on polymorphism. Recent improvements in computational and experimental techniques including multi-scale modeling, sophisticated characterization techniques, high-throughput screening, and machine learning have given new insights into polymorphism and allowed researchers to better predict and manage this phenomenon. In terms of medicine development and formulation, material design and optimization, crystal engineering, and nanotechnology, polymorphism research has a considerable impact. The creation of novel medications with enhanced bioavailability and stability as well as the design and synthesis of new materials with specialized features are two potential future effects of polymorphism research. To better comprehend the mechanisms of polymorphism, future research areas include the creation of novel computational and innovative methodologies in addition to novel characterization techniques. For improving our comprehension of this complicated phenomenon and its applicability in numerous sectors, polymorphism research must continue.

Keywords: Solid-state polymorphism, Drug development, Material design, Crystal packing, crystal nucleation, Crystal growth, Crystal structures.