Abstract

CHRONOPHARMACOLOGY: A NEW APPROACH FOR DRUG DELIVERY

Kunal Jagtap*, Sneha Dagade, Dr. Urmilesh Jha, Prof. Ashwini Shinde

ABSTRACT

The discovery of biological clock has changed many established concepts and hypotheses in pharmacology and medicine. Diseases borne due to disturbances or deregulation of biological clock are set right only by setting the clock right. There are many natural and life style factors which deregulate the clock. Chronopharmaceutical drug procreation makeups release drug at a rhythm that in an attractive or pleasing manner equals the organic necessity of a given affliction analysis or stop. The sound knowledge of the organic processes and their functions applied in biomedical and drug sciences should for effective design and judgment of drug portion of drug or other consumable forms. Circadian state master the internal clock of the frame, the above chiasmatic nucleus is popular to organize the inner occurring every day rhythms present inside the human bulk and the peak evidences of few aliments are reported as per biological clock. Recently many chronotherapeutic drugs were discovered and tested this literature throw light on such problems. Circadian phase master the circadian clock of the body, the supra chiasmatic nucleus is known to regulate the endogenous circadian rhythms present inside the human body and the peak evidences of some diseases are reported as per circadian rhythm. The secretion of melatonin, a hormone, released by the pineal gland during darkness, help to reset the internal clock, which regulates the timing of different body functions. In certain diseases like asthma, airway resistance increases progressively in early morning, also release of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the morning causes rise in the blood pressure. In hypercholesterolemia, cholesterol synthesis is higher during the night time than day light; in diabetes mellitus blood sugar level is higher in the day time; myocardial insufficiency occurs early in the morning, and many others. The present review addresses the approaches to chronopharmaceuticals, identifies existing technologies, and study of recent chronopharmaceutical drug delivery systems for management of various chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension and various types of cancers according to the circadian rhythms of diseases in order to optimize therapeutic outcomes and reduce side effects. Recently chronopharmaceutical drug delivery systems are attaining huge importance in the field of pharmaceutical technology for product development because they are proved to reduce dosing frequency, toxicity and also they deliver the drug in particular disease as and when required considering the peak time of the disease, offering better patient compliance.

Keywords: Chronopharmaceutics, Circadian rhythms, Chronic diseases.