Abstract

A REVIEW ON ALL ASPECTS OF ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA

Gitanjali Suryakant Wani*, Chetan Sunil Pawar, Vaishnavi Rajendra Suryawanshi, Shweta dadaji Suryawanshi and Pooja Mairal

ABSTRACT

Essential thrombocythemia is a rare genetic disorder that affects platelets, the blood cells that controlled bleedings which occurs in the body. It is a rare blood disease in which the bone marrow produces too many platelets. People with this condition develop many blood clots. This increase in the level of stroke and heart attack. High numbers of platelets may lead to thrombus, a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel. This can cause serious health problems such as a stroke, heart attack or pulmonary embolism. The cause of this disorder is unclear. It often appears to be connected to changes in certain genes. The criteria for diagnosis were reviewed in 2016 by WHO. The incidence varies from 0.2 to 2.5:100000 people per year, with a prevalence of 38 to 57 cases per 100000 people. Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a rare chronic blood cancer (myeloproliferative neoplasm) characterised by the overproduction of platelets (thrombocytes) by megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. It is a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm (blood cancers) where in the body makes too many white or red, or platelets. This may results in the rarely developed myeloid acute leukaemia or myelofibrosis (rarely developed bone marrow disorder). The two other types of blood cells are red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all tissues in the body, and white blood cells, which help to fight infections. Red blood cell numbers (often measured as a percentage of whole blood, called a hematocrit) are generally normal in ET, while white blood cell numbers are normal or slightly elevated in ET. [1-3] [13-15]

Keywords: Essential thrombocythemia [ET], Myeloproliferative neoplasm [MPN], blood cancers, Polycythemia vera (PV), Acute leukemia.