Abstract

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: INTRODUCTION, PRODUCTION, THERAPEUTIC USES AND APPLICATIONS

V. Shirisha*, D. Manasa, Syed Muskan, CH. Prasanna, Saleman Ali and Umar Sohel

ABSTRACT

The immune system protects our body from bacteria, virus and fungi by producing different antibodies. There are 5 types of antibodies present in our body; they are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE. These 5 antibodies have their own function. Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are identical because they were produced by one type of immune cell. These monoclonal antibodies can be produced in specialized cells through a technique now popularly known as hybridoma technology. In 1975, this technology was discovered by two scientists, Georges J.F.Kohler and Cesar Milstein. The hybrid cell has the capacity of antibody production derived from B-cells (Spleen cell). At the same time it can divide continuously by the quality derived from myeloma cell. By combining the desired qualities of both the cells, the technology ensures large, antibody production of single specificity. Specific hybridomas (Spleen cell and myeloma cell) obtain monoclonal antibodies in artificial media. Monoclonal antibodies have been found to have many applications in the management of human carcinomas, including colorectal, gastric, ovarian, endometrial, breast, lung cancer and auto immune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis, ulcerative colitis.

Keywords: Mouse, Adjuvant, Spleen cells, Myeloma cells, PEG, Hybridoma cells, HAT medium, ELISA, RIA. PEG - Poly ethylene glycol HAT - Hypoxanthine aminopterin Thymidine ELISA - Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay RIA – Radio immuno assay