Abstract

REVIEW ON IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY: THE ROLE OF IMMUNE SYSTEM AGAINST CANCER

Chitra V.*, Noopur Srivastava, Ahalaya R., Astik, Divyashree T., Mythili Priyanka C.

ABSTRACT

Cancer is the largest cause of death worldwide, accounting for one out of every seven fatalities, outnumbering malaria, TB, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) combined. Cancer treatment has had its ups and downs throughout history, not only due to treatment ineffectiveness and side effects, but also due to hope and the reality of complete remission and cure in many cases. Oncological research is investing a lot of effort into identifying novel and efficient therapies that can lessen significant side effects caused by traditional treatments to overcome this obstacle. In addition, newer more inventive ways are needed to lower patient morbidity and death. Immunotherapy has been a significant aspect of the treatment of several cancers in recent decades. Immunotherapy has also grown its importance as a therapeutic option, and is now the primary choice in many situations. Immunity is influenced by interactions between different cell lineages in different organs. As a result, a better knowledge of tumour immunology must take into account the systemic immune landscape in addition to the tumour microenvironment (TME). The modern immunotherapeutic techniques, such as adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, are briefly discussed in this article. Furthermore, the medications used to treat cancer, particularly chemotherapy, as well as its limitations, have been explored.

Keywords: Cancer, Monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, Oncolytic vaccines, Adoptive cell therapy.