Abstract

A STUDY OF OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE AMONG CIGARETTE SMOKERS FOR ASSESSING THE RISK OF TYPE 2 DM

*Suganthy K, Asothai R, Mohanty PK, Shivasubrahmanian R, Rajagopal V, Vijayabanu N

ABSTRACT

Background: The WHO has estimated that the death due to smoking will be around 10 million death/year by 2020 and smoking is confirmed as second leading risk factor for death. Smoking has been associated with 20-40% of increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) of which 99% is Type 2 DM. Obesity and Insulin Resistance (IR) are an important risk factor of DM. Heavy smokers and Ex- smokers observed to have increased risk for Type 2 DM in men. Objectives: To study the association of cigarette smoking with risk of DM using Body mass Index (BMI) and IR. Subjects and methods: This is a case-control study on 57 Non-diabetic male cigarette smokers compared with 42 age and sex matched non-smokers as controls. Detailed history, clinical examination, anthropometric measurements were taken and fasting blood sample collected for estimation of plasma Insulin and glucose using standard biochemical methods. IR was calculated using HOMA-IR formulae. Result: The mean fasting Insulin (32.4 ±8.44 μIU/ml) and IR (6.96 ± 2.72) were significantly increased in the cigarette smokers although the mean fasting glucose (86.3 ± 20.2 mg/dl) were within the normal limits. A positive association existed between smoking index and fasting plasma insulin, IR and fasting glucose. The BMI showed negative correlation (r= -0.234, p< 0.02) with a mean of 22.6 ± 4.16 Kg/m2 in cigarette smokers. Conclusions: Cigarette smokers have increased IR than non-smokers suggesting a biochemical prediabetes state. Therefore cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor of Type 2 DM.

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