Abstract

CONNECTION BETWEEN INSULIN RESISTANCE AND POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: A REVIEW

Sayali R. Kale*

ABSTRACT

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common type of endocrine disorder, which is a hormonal condition that is developed in women commonly during their accouchement years. The underline markers are ovarian cysts, anovulation, menstrual discordancy, and an overabundance of androgens. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the crucial traits in the etiology of PCOS, about 70% of women with PCOS have IR. Obesity is the major cause of Insulin Resistance. IR is a crucial trait of both obese and lean types of PCOS. IR is developed in PCOS-affected women due to the delayed response to the hormones. Due to this delayed response, there is an accumulation of glucose in the blood which results in a different approach of the body towards the sugar. Worsened IR may even lead to Type 2 Diabetes. Conventionally there is a rise in insulin levels after eating which results in stimulation of the liver and muscles to take up sugar from the blood and transform it into energy. Insulin Resistance appears in 71-89% of obese PCOS patients and 31-75% of lean PCOS patients. Although the existence of lipid abnormalities, dysfibrinolysis, and insulin resistance would be assumed to place PCOS women at an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease. An increase in the insulin level leads to impairment of ovulation which results in excessive production of testosterone by the ovaries. This review article aims to bring light to complications faced by women due to Insulin Resistance in PCOS and the connected disorders related to this and the possible treatments or remedies available.

Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Endocrine disorder, Cardiovascular Disorder, Type 2 Diabetes.