Abstract

BIOASSAY GUIDED FRACTIONATION OF ANTI ULCER COMPONENT OF THE ROOTS OF TRAGIA INVOLUCRATA

Divya C. V.*

ABSTRACT

Gastric ulcer and peptic ulcer are worldwide problem with a high prevalence in India. Several epidemiological researches reveal that the prevalence of peptic ulcer in India is approximately three to ten per thousand populations. Bio assay guided fractionation technique is a complex process where a crude extract is subjected to fractionation and re fractionation till a pure bio active molecule can be isolated from the crude extract. The goal of this study aimed for bioassay guided fractionation of anti ulcer component of the roots of tragia involucrata. The roots of tragia involucrata L. was made available from the rural market of Malabar, Kerala. The dry powder of the roots of tragia involucrata is subjected to successive extraction process using soxelet extraction using different solvents of varying polarity. Physio chemical, phytochemical, percentage yield, fluorescence analysis, acute toxicity studies were performed. Anti ulcer screening is performed using the method of ulcer induction such as pyloric ligation, ulcer induction by ethanol, ulcer induction by cyestamine and ulcer induction by Indomethacin. Seven parameters are accessed for evaluating anti ulcer action of the tragia extracts. Ulcer index, percentage ulcer protection, pH, gastric volume, Total acidity, Free acidity and pepsin activity are accessed among the four extracts. Aqueous extract showed anti ulcer activity and subjected to subjected to fractionation by column chromatography yielded four fraction of which F4 showed significant (p≤0.05) ulcer protection activity at dose about 400 mg/kg on ulcer index (1.95±0.48), percentage ulcer protection (64.60), pH (6.18±0.32), gastric volume (5.11±0.80), total acidity (57.10±0.65), free acidity (66.21±0.53) and pepsin activity (2.92±0.87) compared to control and standard drug ranitidine (150mg/kg).F4 fraction of the aqueous root extract of tragia involucrate is again subjected to fractionation to isolate an active component (TI-1) with Ethyl acetate: Methanol (25:75). The isolated component(TI-1). showed significant (p≤0.05) ulcer protective activity at 200mg/kg on ulcer index(1.75±0.45), percentage ulcer protection(76.60), pH(4.90±0.25), gastric volume(5.27±0.70), total acidity(45.58±0.37), free acidity(41.31±0.50) and pepsin activity(1.90±0.14) compared to control and standard drug ranitidine (150mg/kg).

Keywords: Tragia involucrata, Anti ulcer activity, Ulcer index, Ranitidine, Aqueous extract, Bio assay.