Abstract

REVIEW ARTICLE ON “PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI EXTRACT AND IT'S NANOPARTICLES ON DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN DRUG-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS”

Shradha Nagnath Swami* and Prof. A. S. Pratapwar

ABSTRACT

"Diabetes mellitus”, is one of the most common non-communicable diseases worldwide. India faces several challenges in diabetes management, including a rising prevalence in urban and rural areas, lack of disease awareness among the public, limited health care facilities, high cost of treatment, suboptimal glycaemic control and rising prevalence of diabetic complication. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Type 1 DM or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in which body fails to produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin or wear an insulin pump. This is also termed as "juvenile diabetes". Type 2 DM or non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, with or without an absolute insulin deficiency. This type was previously referred to as or "adult-onset diabetes". The third main type is gestational diabetes which occurs when women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level during her pregnancy. It may precede development of type 2 DM. Various herbal drugs have been also proved effective due to their beneficial contents in treatment of diabetes. Phyllanthus niruri traditionally been used in many tropical countries to treat various ailments, such as kidney stones, chronic liver diseases, diabetes and viral infections. The versatile ethnomedicinal usage of the herb is tightly associated with its multiple pharmacological properties such as immunomodulator, anti-viral, antibacterial, diuretic, anti-hyperglycemia and hepatoprotector. The scope of this review is effect of Phyllanthus niruri nanoparticles on diabetes. Insulin therapy for diabetes is most commonly delivered via subcutaneous injections, up to four times a day. Long-term insulin therapy, compounded by the invasive nature of its administration, has caused problems with patient compliance, ultimately influencing patient outcomes.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, diagnosis, treatment, Phyllanthus niruri.