Abstract

INCIDENCE URINARY DAMAGE DURING CHILDBIRTH DEMANDS CESAREAN SECTION

*Dr. Hawraa M. Naas, Dr. Eman Abdulhussein Alwan and Dr. Aymen Sami Othman

ABSTRACT

In females, due to anatomic proximity of genital and urinary systems, surgical interventions always pose potential risk on these systems. Despite advancement in gynecologic and obstetric techniques ureteral and bladder injuries occurring due to overlooked conditions may cause complications with high morbidity such as excessive blood loss, prolonged operation time, more frequent blood transfusions, fever and longer hospitalization.[1-3] There are various risk factors increasing risk of urologic injury in gynecologic operations such as prolonged surgery, presence of active infection during operation, endometriosis, large uterus, previous pelvic operation, pelvic adhesions, gynecologic malignancies and myoma uteri.[4] Incidence of bladder and ureteral injuries is 0.36-0.5% in abdominal hysterectomies, 0.1-1.8% in vaginal hysterectomies and in radical surgeries particularly ureteral injury risk reaches up to 30%.[5,6] In practice of obstetrics, bladder and ureter injury risk increases as the number of caesarean section and in hysterectomies done with obstetric indications injury rate varies between 1.71-5.13%.[7] Urinary tract injuries.

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