Abstract

A REVIEW ARTICLE ON HYPERTENSION

Babar S. S.*, Joshi D., Wasmate D., Ajgunde B. and Bawage S.

ABSTRACT

Systemic arterial hypertension is a very important and consistent risk factor for all causes of illness and death worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Less than half of those with high blood pressure are aware of their condition, and many others are aware of it but are not being treated or treated appropriately, although effective treatment for high blood pressure reduces the global burden of disease and death. The aetiology of hypertension involves the complex interaction of environmental and pathophysiological factors affecting multiple systems, as well as genetic predisposition. Examination of patients with high blood pressure includes accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP), evaluation of patients' predictable risk of atherosclerotic CVD, evidence of target organ damage, diagnosis of secondary causes of high blood pressure and the presence of comorbidities, including CVD and kidney disease. Lifestyle changes, which include dietary changes and increased physical activity, are effective in lowering BP and preventing high blood pressure and its CVD sequelae. Pharmacological treatments are very effective in lowering BP and preventing the effects of CVD in many patients; The first line of antihypertensive drugs includes angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics.

Keywords: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, RAAS, prevention.