Abstract

THE KIDNEY STONE

Irkar J. S.*, Hucche B., Wasmate D., Deshmukh S., Bawage S.

ABSTRACT

Kidney stone is a type of crystal concretion that builds up the kidneys. It is a growing public health problem affecting about 12% of the world's population. The most common type of kidney stone, calcium oxalate, is produced in Randall's plaque in the renal papillary and has a multifactorial etiology. Stone formation is a complex process that involves several physicochemical processes, such as supersaturation, nucleation, growth, fusion, and storage of urine stone components within tube cells. The imbalance between the substances that attract or prevent the flow of urine controls these stages. It is also important to note that cellular injury promotes tissue retention in the renal papillary area. When renal epithelial cells are exposed to oxalate, protein kinase pathways activated by p38 mitogen trigger the signaling flow leading to apoptosis. There is currently no effective treatment or prevention of kidney stones. Therefore, research focused on controlling urolithiasis with new drugs to better understand the mechanism of kidney stone development. As a result, the purpose of this review was to compile the latest information on kidney origin, pathophysiology, and prevention strategies.

Keywords: Kidney stone, type of urolithiasis, mechanism.