Abstract

INVESTIGATING BONE MINERAL FORMED BY DIFFERENT CELL TYPES IN BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING

Ohoud M. Alidriss*

ABSTRACT

Combining the suitable cells with three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial scaffolds provides a solution for replacing diseased and damaged tissue. The key requirement for bone tissue engineering scaffolds to be successful is their ability to mimic the physiological function, chemical and mechanical properties of the natural extra-cellular matrix (ECM), which is characterised by collagen nanofibers embedded with nano-hydroxyapatite crystals. This study investigates the proper media condition and the best electrospun scaffold materials for supporting osteogenic differentiation and matrix production. To achieve these objectives, both low and high cells density were cultured in the present and absent of β-glycerophosphate (BGP), ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA). Cells viability was tested by alamrBlue assay and ECM production of different cell lines was measured by using Alizarin red (Ar) and Picrosirius red (Sr) stains. For electrospinning, random and aligned nanofbrous scaffolds were electrospun from polycaprolactone (PCL) by incorporating different concentrations of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. The morphology of the nanofibers was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and in vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed by culturing human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (hES-MP cells). Cells proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), minerals deposition and collagen production were investigated on different types of scaffolds. Results revealed that in order to enhance ECM minerals and collagen production both BGP and AA are required in the culture media. However, the presence of low concentration of nHA particles in random PCL scaffolds could be a potential substrate for osteoblasts proliferation and mineralisation in enhancing bone tissue regeneration.

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