Abstract

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS OF RAMBUTAN LEAF (NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM) AGAINST NOSOCOMIAL BACTERIA

Resmi Mustarichie* and Imam Adi Wicaksono

ABSTRACT

Nosocomial infection is an infection obtained from a hospital that can cause various serious illnesses. The main bacteria that cause nosocomial infections are Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Multi-Resistant (PAMR). Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) is known to have antibacterial properties because it is thought to have flavonoid, polyphenolic and tannin compounds. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity, determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) from ethanol extract and the most active fraction against MRSA and PAMR bacteria. The test began with the extraction process then the fractionation was carried out by the liquid-liquid extraction method, so that the ethyl acetate, water and n-hexane fraction were obtained. The antibacterial activity was carried out by the agar diffusion method and the MIC and MBC values were determined by the tube dilution method. Antibacterial activity test results showed that ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and rambutan leaf water fraction had antibacterial activity against PAMR and MRSA, whereas ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction and n-hexane fraction did not provide antibacterial activity. MIC and MBC of ethyl acetate extract and fraction were in the range of concentration of 2.5% w/v and 5.0% w/v against MRSA and PAMR bacteria. Phytochemical screening found that ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of rambutan leaves contained flavonoid compounds, polyphenols, saponins, and tannins.

Keywords: Nosocomial infection, Nephelium lappaceum, Antibacterial, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Multi-Resistant.