Abstract

OSA: OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEPING APNEA, CAUSES AND TREATMENT: A REVIEW

Ali Muaffaq Saeed, Saad Abdul Kareem Mohammed*, Sara Hussain Madi, Ghufran Jabbar Hasan and Shahad Abdulsamad Saleh

ABSTRACT

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent upset distinguished by recurrent incidents of nocturnal apnea because of an upper airway crumble. Obstructive sleep apnea triggers critical implications, like excessive tiredness during the day, and is related to considerable morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. For the proper management of this disease, different therapy options are currently accessible. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is still considered the gold standard treatment more than three decades after it was first discovered. For controlling symptoms, improving quality of life, and reducing sleep apnea's clinical complications, the nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is very effective. For patients being unable to tolerate CPAP or who require higher levels of positive pressure, several techniques are available. Mandibular advancement devices, especially those manufactured to order, are helpful in mild to moderate OSA and offer a viable alternative to CPAP therapy for individuals that are unable to tolerate it. The role of surgery is still debatable. When CPAP treatment has failed, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is a viable option. A variety of new surgical snoring treatments are now being tested. In all obese people, losing weight reduces symptoms and morbidity. Whereas modafinil or armodafinil may be used as an additional therapy for excessive daytime drowsiness that continues despite adequate and effective conventional treatment (e.g., positive airway pressure, oral appliances).

Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea, Pathophysiology, Clinical examination, Treatment.