Abstract

PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE: REVIEW OF ETIOLOGY AND OVERVIEW OF H. PYLORI INFECTION

Sherly Eapen* and Preethu P. John

ABSTRACT

Many people in the world suffer from peptic ulcers, two main types of peptic ulcers (gastric and duodenal) that develop in humans, gastric ulcers are the most commonly found. Peptic ulcers are formed due to imbalance between aggressive factors like hydrochloric acid, bile, pepsin, reactive oxygen species and defensive factors like mucus bicarbonate barrier, prostaglandin, mucosal blood flow, nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants and some growth factors. Prostaglandins E2 and I2 are the predominant prostaglandins which synthesized by the gastric mucosa and known to hinder the emission of gastric acid and stimulate the discharge of body fluid and bicarbonate. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and H. pylori infections are the crucial causes of peptic ulcer also chemicals such as ethanol, HCL and minor factors like stress, spicy food and smoking can cause ulcer. So, main aim of this review has to summarize the different etiology of ulcer, treatment and moreover the specific pathogenesis, treatment and diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

Keywords: Peptic ulcer, Pathogenesis, H. pylori.