GLAUCOMA: A CHALLENGE FOR OPHTHALMOLOGY
*Kashyap Nagariya
R&D Division, Ahlcon Parenteral (I) Limited, Bhiwadi-301019, India
ABSTRACT
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide (cataracts are the leading cause). Over 8.4 million people will be bilaterally blind from glaucoma in 2010, and it is estimated that 12% of world blindness is caused by glaucoma. Glaucoma is caused by a number of different eye issues that result in gradual vision loss due to damage to the optic nerve. Though high eye pressure is a risk factor for glaucoma, glaucoma may also occur in the presence of normal eye pressure. There are two main types of glaucoma in adults: primary open-angle glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form and occurs when the intraocular pressure (the pressure inside the eye) rises because of a backup of fluid. Closed-angle glaucoma is more rare and occurs when the drainage canals of the eye get blocked causing a rapid increase in intraocular pressure. The tonometry test can take measurements very quickly, but it is unable to detect glaucoma in those patients who do not have high intraocular pressure. Hence such other techniques to cure glaucoma also described in this review.
Keywords: Glaucoma, Intraocular pressure, Tonometry, Open angle glaucoma, Perimetry.
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