Abstract

NIPAH VIRUS (NiV) INFECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Meghana Raykar*, Yuvraj Autade and Ramesh Shinde

ABSTRACT

Nipah Virus is an emerging zoonotic disease that has occasionally been transmitted from person to person. The Nipah Virus was first detected in Kampung Sungai Nipah, Malaysia, in 1998 where the pigs are intermediate host and large fruit bats of Pteropus genus of family Pteropodidae. The Large fruit bats of Pteropus genus are the natural reservoir of NiV. The Virus has been isolated from humans, pigs, and a dog by nucleotide sequence studies, it is understood that the 3 humans were infected through exposure to blood or other body fluids or excretions from infected horses. The Nipah virus is isolated from the brain and spinal fluid of victims in Malaysia and an Infective virus is also isolated from environmental samples of bat urine and partially- eaten fruit in Malaysia. The bats are migratory, has generated intensive surveillance for evidence of Nipah virus infection in bats in Asian country. The Evidence of NiV could be demonstrated in P. giganteus in Bangladesh. Antibodies to a Nipah-like virus have been found in sera from fruit bats collected in India, Indonesia and Timor-Leste, Nipah virus infections in some patients appear as respiratory disease, including infrequent pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. These patients may or may not develop neurological signs. The Fruit bats of genus Pteropus is natural reservoirs of Nipah virus infection (NiV). There are currently no effective therapeutics, and supportive care and prevention are the mainstays of management.

Keywords: Nipah Virus (NiV), Pteropus, pneumonia, respiratory distress.