Abstract

MODERN DEVELOPEMENT AND TRENDY PROVOCATION IN NAILS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM -A REVIEW

Abhishek Rajendra Bhujbal* and Neha Dabir

ABSTRACT

The human nail is a unique barrier with a keratinized constitution that favors protection and fine touch. Nail composition, low diffusion through ungual route and reduced tissue bioavailability for topical treatments are limiting factors. Different topical nail formulations like lacquers, enamel, and varnish are used for cosmetic purposes. They serve to protect the nail plate but also beautify and impart attractive colours. However nail permeability is low but this can be modified by altering the nail plate barrier by means of chemical treatments, penetration enhancers as well as physical and mechanical methods. Animal nails are highly affected by the fungal diseases, in which nails drug delivery system (NDDS) is an important delivery system in mammals. Nail unit may be dystrophied, hypertrophied, inflamed, infected, etc. by various disorders and innocuous conditions like pigmentation in heavy smokers, to painful and debilitating states. Therefore, therapy for nail disorders, such as fungal infections, remains provocation because of the difficult to treat and achieve therapeutic concentrations of drugs at the site of infection, which is often under the nail. Trans-ungual and ungual drug delivery system has potential risk due to systemic adverse effects associated with the conventional oral therapy, where as it receive remarkable attention due to effective topical therapies. Drug applied on the dense keratinized nail plate must pervade and reach deeper layers of the nail plate, nail bed and nail matrix to treat nail disorder. Physical, chemical and mechanical procedures have been used to decrease the nail barrier. Structure of human nail, disorders of nails, factors affecting trans-ungual delivery of drugs and methods used for augmenting of drugs penetration into the nail.

Keywords: Nail-plate, NDDS, onychomycosis, Nail disorders, Trans-ungual.