Abstract

INFLUENZA A VIRUS (IAV): CAUSE OF MULTISPECIES DISEASE AND ZOONOSES

Soumitra Sahana*, Indranil Chatterjee, Suman Kumar Nath, Rajeswar Das, Snehansu Biswas, Sadique Hussain Tapadar, Muslek Uddin Mazumder and Nilayan Guha

ABSTRACT

Influenza A viruses (IAV) in the household Orthomyxoviridae, such as all avian influenza viruses (AIVs), are enveloped, pleomorphic, and possess eight separate RNA genomic segments ranging in dimension between 890 and 2341 nucleotides. As located by, the power and sporadic outbreaks of a number of Influenza A viruses in hen and humans, respectively, warns the possibility of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) turning into the subsequent influenza pandemic strain. Further, amongst the significant pool of AIVs in nature, the HPAI A/H5N1 virus is believed to symbolize the biggest danger for the subsequent flu pandemic. The HA and NA glycoproteins on the virus floor encoded by way of separate RNA segments are antigenically diverse, and divide the IAVs into 18 H and eleven N antigenic subtypes, respectively. Aquatic birds like wild water chook and geese are herbal host for AIV subtypes of H-1 to H-16 and N-1 to N-9. Two new subtypes every of HA and NA (H17N10, H18N11) have been currently recognized in bats. Bats are possibly historic reservoir for a various pool of influenza virus. Influenza A viruses naturally flow into in a vary of avian and mammalian species, along with in humans. The Influenza A serotypes that have been tested in human beings are, H1N1, H1N2 (endemic in humans, pigs and birds), H2N2, H3N2, H5N1, H6N1, H7N2, H7N3, H7N7, H7N9, H9N2, and H10N7. Several AIV subtypes have triggered zoonotic infections in human beings (LPAIs H6N1, H7N2, H7N3, H7N4, H7N7, H7N9, H9N2, H10N7, H10N8, and HPAIs H5N1, H5N6, H7N3, H7N7, H7N9). Transmission of HPAI H5 and H7 viruses into human beings in the current previous has been of importance from the factor of zoonoses. First AIV zoonoses was once precipitated by using H5N1 virus in 1997 in Hong Kong, then unfold to many components of the World.

Keywords: Influenza A viruses (IAV), Orthomyxoviridae, Pandemic, Transmission, Zoonotic.