Abstract

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES DETECTED BY ANTENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN KING ABDUL-AZIZ MEDICAL CITY, JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA

Nedaa Saeedi*, Nada Baatiah, Faisal Kouther, Reema Badros and Mohammed Habadi

ABSTRACT

Background: Congenital anomalies considered a major cause of neonatal death, morbidity, and handicap worldwide. The observed variation in both the prevalence and pattern of congenital abnormalities depends on a number of factors. Aim: To report the perinatal prevalence of various types of congenital anomalies at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah (KAMC) covering the period from January 2005 to December 2015. Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed the medical records of 404 pregnant women. These women underwent an ultrasound scan in the Fetomaternal Unit in (KAMC) from January 2005 to December 2015 and had ultrasonography findings that were consistent with congenital anomalies. Any patient with a documented non-viable fetus at the time of diagnosis, or a viable fetus with an isolated soft marker, excluded. Congenital anomalies classified according to the International Classification of Disease 10th version (ICD-10(system. The retrieved data identified variables that related to maternal demographics and neonatal outcomes. Results: Mean maternal age was 27.8 ± 5.6 years; of the patients reviewed, 25% (105) had a first-degree family history of congenital anomalies. The rate of consanguinity was 56.1% (226) and 19.1% (76) of the participating mothers were diabetic. The most commonly diagnosed anomalies related to the urinary system (35.9%, 145). This followed by circulatory anomalies (22.8%, 92) and central nervous system anomalies (22.5%, 91). Overall, 12.4% (50) of the ultrasounds showed more than one anomaly; 4% (16) of pregnancies ended at less than 120 days and 11.2% (44) of pregnancies ended in termination. The proportion of newborns that survived after delivery was 90.7% (302); of these, 38.2% (115) required NICU admission immediately following birth. Conclusion: Premarital counseling and antenatal screening should be advocate. Especially in cases of consanguinity and where there is a family history of anomalies to reduce the prevalence of congenital anomalies or facilitate timely interventions.

Keywords: Congenital anomalies; ICD-10 classification; Antenatal congenital anomalies in Saudi Arabia; Antenatal ultrasound-detected congenital anomalies.